Abstract: This study investigates the collaborative governance mechanisms for the resource utilization and ecological restoration of copper tailings on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau (QTP). Based on synergetics theory, the technical characteristics of copper tailings under three utilization pathways—conversion into building materials, recovery of valuable metals, and soil-like utilization—were systematically analyzed, and the synergistic mechanism of the “tailings-amendments-plants-microorganisms” multiphase interface was dissected. Analysis reveals that copper tailings on the QTP are rich in silicates, with mass fractions of silicon dioxide and aluminum oxide reaching 62.967% and 18.187%, respectively, providing a necessary material basis for the production of high-value-added building materials and porous environmental materials; specifically, the phosphorus removal rate of modified ceramsite can reach 99.1%. Further analysis indicates that the intense freeze-thaw cycles in the plateau region significantly accelerate the oxidation process of sulfides and the migration and release of heavy metals in the tailings. Consequently, single resource recovery or in-situ restoration technologies struggle to overcome the bottleneck of system transformation, making it difficult to achieve an ecological transition from “short-term revegetation” to “long-term self-maintenance.” By converting tailings into biochar-based matrices or artificial soils, available copper in the soil can be reduced by approximately 72%, while vegetation coverage increases from 5% to 65%, thereby establishing an in-situ closed-loop governance model of “waste digestion-matrix reconstruction-vegetation rebuilding.” To address the deficiencies in current research regarding regional adaptability, full-chain systematism, and the quantification of synergistic effects, a full-process “sorting-utilization-restoration” collaborative strategy tailored to the ecological constraints of the plateau is proposed, shifting the governance paradigm from passive end-of-pipe restoration to the cultivation of ecological resilience and systemic self-maintenance.