Abstract: With the continuous advancement of modernized governance in the mining sector, China’s green development in mining faces challenges such as the lack of a diversified investment mechanism, insufficient development of green finance, and the need to further improve the legalization and scientific approach of local governments. Scientifically revealing the underlying logic of green mining development holds significant theoretical and practical guiding value for advancing modernized mining governance and constructing a new model of modern mining development that fosters harmonious coexistence between humans and nature. Three key characteristics are summarized regarding the internal logic of China’s green mining development: a shift toward state will based on strategic guidance, a transition to a governance system grounded in legal safeguards, and an evolution toward innovation-driven transformation through technological advancement, gradually reshaping the new landscape of mining governance. The article emphasizes optimizing access as the guiding principle to enhance the scale and structure of mineral resources; promoting industry quality and efficiency through standardized norms; leveraging technological innovation to stimulate green development momentum; and refining the green policy system via market mechanisms.