Abstract: Cemented paste backfill (CPB) technology, serving as a foundational support for green mining, enables the efficient utilization of tailings and other solid wastes while controlling underground pressure and reducing environmental pollution. It has become a critical method for deep metal mining operations. The CPB pipeline transportation system, acting as the vital link between the surface and underground stopes, has become a major research focus in recent years. The stability, safety, and intelligence of this system directly determine the effectiveness of the backfilling process. The current research status of CPB pipeline transportation technology has been systematically reviewed. At the level of fundamental characteristics, it delves into the rheological behavior of CPB slurry (a high-concentration non-Newtonian fluid), elucidating the influence mechanisms of concentration, particle size distribution, temperature, and additives on shear yield stress and thixotropy. Diverse testing methods, including L-pipe tests, loop tests, and Electrical Resistance Rheography (ERR), are employed to evaluate pipeline resistance. In terms of theory and modelling, it summarizes modified Herschel-Bulkley resistance models, particle migration theory, and pipeline wear prediction methods. It emphasizes the critical role of wall slip effects, particle radial migration, and structural time-dependence on pressure drop and wear. Regarding engineering applications, it analyzes optimization strategies for vertical borehole full-pipe flow control technology, gravity flow, high-pressure pumping, and relay pumping for long-distance transportation. It also reviews advancements in core technologies such as air-water coupling pipeline flushing and intelligent pressure monitoring. The research identifies current challenges, including insufficient adaptability for ultra-long-distance transportation in deep mines, complexity in rheological control of multi-source solid wastes, weaknesses in intelligent operation and maintenance, and bottlenecks in the localization of key equipment. Future development trends will focus on digital twin-driven intelligent perception and control systems, green and low-carbon transportation technologies, modular design standard systems, multidisciplinary integration and innovation combining rheology, materials science, and control theory. These advancements will provide theoretical support for the safe, efficient, and environmentally sound operation of CPB pipeline systems, thereby boosting the sustainable development of mining.