Abstract: Under the global trend of green and low-carbon transition, China's mining enterprises face dual pressures of economic growth and ecological protection, which necessitates in-depth research on their green transition efficiency and spatial imbalance. This study takes listed mining enterprises from 2008 to 2024 as samples, constructs a Super-SBM model incorporating desirable and undesirable outputs to measure green transition efficiency, and analyzes regional disparities based on spatial economics. The results show: Policy cycles significantly influence transition efficiency and exhibit a fluctuating pattern of “policy-driven—technology lag—institutional restructuring”, with comprehensive efficiency ranging between 0.35 and 0.39. Leading enterprises, such as PetroChina (601857), achieved efficiency leaps through clean energy substitution; A “dual paradox” exists between technical efficiency (mean 0.82) and scale efficiency (mean 0.46). While 90% of enterprises are in increasing returns to scale, fragmented resource allocation persists regionally. Spatial heterogeneity is prominent, with core regions (e.g., Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, Yangtze River Delta) driving efficiency improvements in neighboring areas through technology spillovers, while western resource-rich regions lag by over 30% due to technological bottlenecks and insufficient ecological compensation. Policy recommendations include enhancing technical collaboration standards, optimizing regional compensation mechanisms, and promoting industrial chain integration to foster balanced green transition in the mining sector.