Abstract: Under the background of the deepening advancement of the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI), the scale of China's overseas mining investment has continued to expand. However, environmental problems caused by the lag in mine ecological restoration have become a key bottleneck restricting the sustainability of investment. Serbia, a country rich in mineral resources in Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), is home to the Bor Copper Mine — one of the oldest copper mines in Europe. This mine has accumulated severe ecological and environmental problems through long-term mining operations and stands as a typical case for ecological restoration in the context of Chinese enterprises' overseas mining investments. Taking the Bor Copper Mine as the research object, this paper is based on the theories of green mine construction, adaptive management, and circular economy. By adopting methods such as literature research, scenario simulation and case analysis, it systematically sorts out Serbia's mining investment environment and ecological restoration policy framework, analyzes the current situation and causes of the ecological environment of the Bor Copper Mine, and focuses on studying the practical paths of ecological restoration after Chinese enterprises invested in the mine, including technical integration schemes, market-oriented operation models, and policy coordination mechanisms. It is shown that due to factors such as extensive historical mining, backward technical equipment, and insufficient environmental protection investment at the Bor Copper Mine, multiple ecological problems have been faced over a period of time, including soil heavy metal pollution, water resource damage, vegetation degradation and solid waste accumulation. To address these issues, Zijin Mining has achieved phased results in ecological restoration such as soil remediation, water resource management and ecological reconstruction, but still faces challenges such as an imperfect legal system, insufficient technical adaptability, high financial pressure and complex cross-cultural collaboration. Based on this, this paper puts forward optimization suggestions from four dimensions: policy alignment, technological innovation, financial guarantee and international cooperation. These include establishing a bilateral coordination mechanism for ecological restoration standards, constructing a differentiated technical integration system, expanding green finance financing channels and strengthening cross-departmental and cross-regional collaboration. The research aims to provide theoretical support and practical reference for China's overseas mine ecological restoration, and contribute to the green development of the Belt and Road Initiative.