Abstract: The controllable water conducting channel in coal mines is the core incentive of engineering disasters such as mine water inrush and groundwater resource loss. Accurate blocking of controllable water conducting channel and reinforcement of fractured rock mass are the key technologies for safe and green mining of coal mine. The research progress of blocking and reinforcement technology of controllable water channel in coal mine is reviewed and analyzed from the aspects of classification of water channel, grouting material, grouting technology, grouting blocking and reinforcement mechanism and grouting engineering application. The results show that the core goal of grouting technology in coal mine water disaster prevention and control and surrounding rock stability control is to realize the efficient sealing of fractures and the systematic repair of mechanical properties of damaged rock mass through grouting. It faces multiple challenges in terms of complexity and uncertainty of geological conditions, limitations of grouting materials, inaccuracy of grouting effect and cost-effectiveness. The research and development of grouting materials focus on performance optimization and environmental protection improvement. The new materials enhance the mechanical properties of grouting stones and the sealing efficiency of complex fracture through multiple compounding. The resource utilization of environmentally friendly geopolymer materials and coal-based solid waste has become an important direction, taking into account engineering efficiency and development needs; the grouting process has developed from manual experience to automation and intelligence. Through multi-source data fusion monitoring and intelligent control, the slurry diffusion range and fracture reinforcement effect can be effectively controlled. At the theoretical level, the grouting blocking and reinforcement mechanism reveals the synergistic effect of slurry rheological properties, fracture geometry and grouting parameters. The mechanism of slurry-rock interface shows that strengthening the bonding performance through the micro-interface transition zone can effectively block the fracture and change the permeability of rock strata. In the engineering practice, combined with ground and underground directional drilling, the grouting modification and reinforcement of strong mining surrounding rock, the grouting blocking of roof and floor water channel and the modification of aquifer are realized. While reducing the risk of mine water disaster and ensuring the safe and efficient mining of resources, the effective protection of groundwater resources is realized. Finally, it is proposed that the future research needs to innovate the whole process of grouting materials, processes and equipment, and integrate with materials science, high-level equipment, artificial intelligence and ecology, so as to provide the core driving force for the intelligence, high efficiency and greening of grouting blocking and reinforcement technology under complex geological conditions and special working conditions, and provide strong technical support for the realization of low damage and sustainable goals of coal mining.