Abstract: The ecological risk assessment of mining areas aims to evaluate the likelihood and intensity of adverse effects of mining activities on the ecosystem of the mining area. This assessment is crucial for predicting environmental issues, prevention, formulating ecological protection strategies, and sustainable development of the mining industry. The existing research has constructed an evaluation index system that is difficult to obtain indicators, which is not conducive to dynamic or real-time risk assessment. This study takes the Gaotouyao mining area as an example, adopts the “Pressure-State-Response” model and multi-source remote sensing interpretation methods to establish an ecological risk assessment framework for mining areas. The pressure index includes distance to goaf, gully density, etc., the state index includes ecological quality, structure, and service functions, etc., and the response index includes the distribution of land reclamation planning. The results show that: The weight of the evaluation layer is pressure 0.68, state 0.2, response 0.12, with pressure indicators being dominant; A 10 m resolution ecological risk assessment of the Gaotouyao mining area has been achieved, and the assessment results indicate that the ecological risk is higher in the central part macroscopically and lower in the surrounding areas of the mining area; Compared with a single indicator synthesis, compared with the ecological service functions of the unmined period, and compared with field survey data, the evaluation results of this paper are highly consistent with the actual situation. The technical framework developed in this paper contributes to the dynamic or real-time assessment of ecological risks in mining areas.