Abstract: Fast and accurate detection of surrounding rock characteristics and efficient anchoring support technology are important guarantees for intelligent roadway excavation. Detection while drilling and efficient anchoring technology are the research hotspots in the field of mining engineering. The relationship model between rock mechanics parameters and drilling parameters is established by theoretical analysis, and the relationship between drilling parameters and rock mechanics parameters is studied. The concrete test blocks with different mechanical properties were poured in the laboratory, and the concrete test blocks were tested while drilling. At the same time, the drilling parameters such as rotation speed, drilling speed, torque and sound pressure level were collected in real time. The relationship between drilling parameters such as rotation speed, drilling speed, torque and sound pressure level and rock mechanics parameters was analyzed, and a prediction model was established. The pre-stressed anchorage comprehensive test bench was developed, and the transfer law of pre-stress of different anchorage modes and pre-tightening force anchors was analyzed through the test of the pre-stressed anchorage comprehensive test bench. The experimental results show that the drilling speed and rotation speed have an exponential relationship with the uniaxial compressive and tensile strength of the rock. The drilling speed has the highest correlation with the uniaxial compressive and tensile strength of the rock, and the correlation coefficients are 0.9631 and 0.8718, respectively. The sound pressure level has a linear relationship with uniaxial compressive strength and uniaxial tensile strength. The torque work has a linear relationship with the uniaxial compressive strength and a logarithmic relationship with the uniaxial tensile strength. No matter what kind of prestressed anchorage method is adopted, the axial force on the bolt gradually decreases from the beginning of the anchorage to the end of the anchorage. The increase of pre-tightening force will increase the diffusion range of axial force on the bolt. The full-length pre-stressed technology of anchor rod has high efficiency in the axial force transmission of anchor rod. The research results are of great significance to improve the detection accuracy of roadway surrounding rock parameters and the effect of bolt support, realize the safe and efficient excavation of roadway, reduce the probability of accidents and ensure the safe production of mines.